Cell Cycle & Mitosis (A-Level) — A-Level Biology Revision
Revise Cell Cycle & Mitosis (A-Level) for A-Level Biology. Step-by-step explanation, worked examples, common mistakes and exam-style practice aligned to AQA, Edexcel and OCR.
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Go to Cell Membrane & TransportWhat is Cell Cycle & Mitosis (A-Level)?
The cell cycle is a regulated sequence of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. In eukaryotic cells, the cycle is divided into two main phases: interphase, where the cell grows and replicates its DNA, and the mitotic (M) phase, where the cell divides. Mitosis is the process of nuclear division, resulting in two genetically identical daughter nuclei, and is followed by cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm.
Board notes: The cell cycle and mitosis are fundamental topics in all A-Level Biology specifications (AQA, Edexcel, OCR). The role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in regulating the cell cycle is a key concept, particularly in the context of cancer.
Step-by-step explanationWorked example
If a cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, each of the two daughter cells will also have 10 chromosomes. This is because the DNA is replicated during interphase, so each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. During anaphase, these sister chromatids are separated, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
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Common mistakes
- 1Confusing mitosis with the entire cell cycle. Mitosis is just one part of the cell cycle; interphase is the longest phase where the cell prepares for division.
- 2Not knowing the correct order of the stages of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. A common mnemonic is PMAT.
- 3Misunderstanding the role of spindle fibres. Spindle fibres, made of microtubules, are essential for separating the sister chromatids during anaphase and moving them to opposite poles of the cell.
Cell Cycle & Mitosis (A-Level) exam questions
Exam-style questions for Cell Cycle & Mitosis (A-Level) with mark-scheme style solutions and timing practice. Aligned to AQA, Edexcel and OCR specifications.
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Step-by-step method
Step-by-step explanation
4 steps · Worked method for Cell Cycle & Mitosis (A-Level)
Core concept
The cell cycle is a regulated sequence of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. In eukaryotic cells, the cycle is divided into two main phases: interphase, where t…
Frequently asked questions
What is the importance of mitosis?
Mitosis is essential for growth, repair of tissues, and asexual reproduction in some organisms. It ensures that new cells are genetically identical to the parent cell.
What happens during interphase?
During interphase, the cell grows, carries out its normal functions, and replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis. It is divided into three stages: G1, S, and G2.